Introduction of a mandatory Classification System for ECO EPDs

 

Why Are Classification Systems Needed?

 

Classification systems are structured frameworks used to categorize products, materials, or services according to defined criteria. In the context of Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs), they provide a standardized way to organize and identify products across datasets, platforms, and tools.

 

Their primary value lies in improving findability, comparability, and interoperability of machine readable EPD data.

 

Without a classification system, users often struggle to locate relevant EPDs or correctly match them to specific products or applications. With a classification system in place, this process becomes significantly more efficient and reliable.

 

For example:

 

  • A user searching for gypsum plasterboards can filter directly by product category instead of manually reviewing large numbers of datasets.
  • In a building life cycle assessment (LCA), practitioners can systematically select appropriate EPD data for their products. This process – often referred to as mapping – ensures that the selected EPDs accurately represent the materials used in the project.

 

Ultimately, classification systems enable digital workflows, support automated data exchange, and improve the overall quality and usability of environmental data. The primary benefit lies with applying it to the machine readable EPD data (rather than the EPD document in PDF format).

The ECO Platform Decision: Which Classification Systems Were Selected and Why?

 

A wide range of classification systems exists today, differing significantly in structure, logic, and level of detail. Some systems are primarily organized by material types (e.g. metals, wood), while others focus on applications (e.g. walls, ceilings).

 

ECO Platform conducted a comprehensive evaluation of available classification systems to determine their suitability for ECO EPDs. A key consideration was the relevance for the construction sector, as a large share of ECO EPDs is applied in this field.

 

As a result of this assessment, two systems were selected that together best meet the requirements of ECO Platform:

 

 

To leverage the strengths of both systems, ECO Platform has decided to make both classifications mandatory, with a clear division of roles:

 

  • For Construction Products the primary classification must be assigned in freeClass
    The GS1 GPC classification can be selected automatically through a mapping based on the selected freeclass category
  • For Non-Construction Products the GS1 GPC classification is to be used while no assignment is done in freeclass

 

In addition, EPD owners may, as it is currently the case, continue to include other classification systems on a voluntary basis, if deemed useful. However, only freeclass and GPC are mandatory.

 

With this decision, ECO Platform is taking a leading role in an area where no consistent global approach has existed so far. The aim is to contribute to greater international harmonization in the classification of EPDs.

Introduction of the Requirement: When Will Classification Become Mandatory?

 

The mandatory classification requirement will be introduced with the next revision of the ECO Platform standards.

 

Due to the standard transition period for new requirements, mandatory implementation is expected from 2027 onwards.

 

Importantly:

 

  • The requirement will apply only to new ECO EPDs
  • Existing EPDs remain unaffected until the end of their validity period

 

This approach ensures a smooth transition while maintaining stability for already published EPDs.

Accelerated Adoption: How Can the Benefits Be Realized Sooner?

 

The need for classification is urgent. It is a key enabler for efficient data retrieval, digital integration, and automated workflows.

 

Improved, tool-based discoverability of EPD data represents a clear competitive advantage for manufacturers. As a result:

 

  • Software providers and data platforms are highly motivated to integrate classified EPD data
  • Manufacturers have a strong interest in adding classifications as early as possible, including for already published EPDs

 

Therefore, ECO Platform and EPD Programme Operators are committed to making the classification process available well in advance of the mandatory deadline, enabling stakeholders to benefit early.

Implementation Roadmap: What Comes Next?

 

To ensure that classification is simple, reliable, and efficient, ECO Platform is currently working closely with ECO EPD Programme Operators on harmonized implementation solutions.

 

The goal is to provide:

 

  • Clear and consistent guidance
  • User-friendly processes
  • Efficient and error-resistant workflows

 
We plan to develop and roll out these solutions over the coming months.

 

For updates on timelines, tools, and implementation details, please follow the ECO Platform newsletter or visit this website regularly.